Learning Methods: Diversify and Conquer

Read your textbook. Listen to a lecture. Memorize notes. Take test. Forget material. Repeat.

The traditional modes of teaching encourage a small number of learning methods, primarily reading, listening, and committing facts to short term memory. However, based on scientific studies of the human brain and behavior, many faculty and advisors now incorporate a larger variety of learning methods when teaching - for example, group discussion and projects, a mix of reflection activities, ongoing feedback, and a wide variety of experiental opportunities to apply learning.

There are a number of reasons why diversifying learning methods helps students conquer coursework (and, most importantly, understand it). First, we are capable of learning in different ways, so taking advantage of this fact not only provides multiples perspectives on a topic but also keeps things more dynamic and interesting. Second, due to the interplay between nature and nurture, each individual possesses a unique blend of strengths, and learning methods are most effective when emerging from these particular capacities.

So how do you diversify your learning methods? Whether or not your teachers incorporate diverse learning methods, you can employ a variety of methods in your studying and activities. There are a number of theories on learning methods, but let's take a look at Howard Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences to get some ideas for diversifying learning methods.

According to Gardner, linguistic intelligence involves sensitivity to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals. Most traditional learning methods involve linguistic intelligence: reading, writing, building vocabulary, practicing grammar, and speaking.

Logical-mathematical intelligence involves the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically. Learning methods include concept diagrams, solving puzzles, critical thinking and analysis, use of numbers and statistics, and experimentation.

Musical intelligence entails skills in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. Learning methods include using sound as a part of memorization, crafting lyrics or music to make meaning, and using musical forms and concepts as metaphors.

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence entails the potential of using one’s whole body or parts of the body (like the hand or the mouth) to solve problems or fashion products. Learning methods include moving while studying, using hands-on approaches (literally) to problem solving, and using tactile senses (touch) as a part of memorization and metaphors.

Spatial intelligence features the potential to recognize and manipulate the patterns of wide space as well as the patterns of more confined areas. Learning methods include using photographs to make meaning, drawing out visual representations of concepts, and employing film and movies in the learning process.

Interpersonal intelligence denotes a person’s capacity to understand the intentions, motivations, and desires of other people and, consequently, to work effectively with others. Learning methods include participating in study groups, completing collaborative projects, and learning through group discussions and the viewpoints of others.

Intrapersonal intelligence involves the capacity to understand oneself, to have an effective working model of oneself and to use such information effectively manage and understand one's own life. Learning methods include using various reflection activities (such as journaling, uninterrupted quiet time), completing projects independently, and using theories from philosophy and psychology to make sense of things.  

These are but a few examples of diverse learning methods, using multiple intelligences as a framework. The trick is to strike a balance between 1) focusing on learning methods that draw on your natural strengths and 2) diversifying your learning methods across the spectrum of intelligences. We are most effective when operating within our strengths, but a diversity of methods adds a dynamism and multi-perspective view that also enhances learning.

So go and conquer!